Retangle BMP

procedure Form1.DrawBitmap(const Filename: String; const x,y: Integer);
var
  Bmp: TBitmap;
begin
  // Make sure the file exists first!
  if not FileExists(Filename) then
  begin
    ShowMessage('The bitmap ' + Filename + ' was not found!');
    Exit;
  end;

  Bmp := TBitmap.Create;
  try
    Bmp.LoadFromFile(Filename);
    Canvas.Draw(x, y, Bmp);
  finally
    Bmp.Free;
  end;
end; 

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Webcam object tracking

Ketika aku dapat tugas Computer Vision aku  cari reverensi  diantaranya dibawah ini 


Contact Us

Contact Us

Contact Us

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Segitiga sama kaki java

Semalam ada temen dapet tugas bikin tampilan segitiga atas sama kaki pake java ,akhir nya ketemu juga cara nya kurang lebih nya seperti ini sourcenya.

void segitiga (){
   for(int i = 1;i<4;i++){
      for(int j = 1;j<4;j++){
           if(j<i){System.out.print(" ");}else{System.out.print("*");}
      }System.out.println();
   }
}

semoga ini bermanfaat buat temen2 semua dan untuk hasil tampilanya seperti dibawah ini
****
  ***
    **
      *

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Mata Kuliah Computer Vision 28 Oktober 2011

Sebuah citra seringkali terkontaminasi oleh noise pada saat akuisisi atau
transmisi. Proses de-noising citra yang bagus adalah sebuah proses untuk
menghilangkan noise pada suatu citra, dengan tetap mempertahankan dan tidak
mendistorsi kualitas citra yang diproses. Proses rekonstruksi dari transformasi
wavelet diskrit bersifat lossless, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk de-noising citra.
Waktu komputasi dari transformasi wavelet diskrit baik pada proses dekomposisi
maupun proses rekonstruksi adalah cukup besar, sehingga kurang bisa memenuhi
kebutuhan secara real-time.
Dengan bertumbuhnya perangkat keras yang mendukung komputasi
secara paralel seperti GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) , permasalahan waktu
komputasi suatu program dapat teratasi. GPU keluaran NVidia, sekarang
dilengkapi dengan suatu arsitektur komputasi paralel yang bernama CUDA
(Compute Unified Device Architecture). CUDA menyediakan mekanisme
pemrosesan data dalam jumlah besar secara paralel. Penelitian ini memparalelkan
proses de-noising citra berdasarkan transformasi wavelet diskrit pada arsitektur
GPU CUDA. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa paralesisasi proses de-
noising pada penelitian ini lebih cepat sekitar 2 kali lipat dibanding dengan hasil
penelitian sebelumnya.

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Manajemen Teknologi XIV
Program Studi MMT-ITS, Surabaya 23 Juli 2011

Lihat Disini
Lihat Disini
Lists companies that develop computer vision products

Dan Pdf nya disini
Dan ini Untuk PPT

Sebagai Hiburan

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Metodologi Penelitian

Ini materi metodologi penelitian

Download

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Computer Vision

Tugas lagi teman2 dan untuk absennya isi No nim Dan ceklist metode perkuliahan
Teman-teman ini tugas nya: 

1. Baca berita ini : Computer vision startup wins contest with driver safety smartphone app
    dan amati situs ini

    Kesimpulan atau pelajaran apa yang anda dapatkan dari kedua situs diatas?

2. Cari produk atau aplikasi Computer Vision yang menurut Anda paling Cool/bermanfaat ? (berikan referensinya/link web/youtube) 

3. Andai Anda sedang berencana untuk mendirikan sebuah startup (perusahaan baru ) di bidang computer vision,   produk atau aplikasi apa yang akan Anda bikin (utk dijual tentunya) ? Jelaskan ?


kirim (doc/odt/pdf/ppt) email ke: rudy.cahyadi.hp@gmail dgn format judul email: CompVis2_Nama_Nim_Kelas.
Jumlah halaman terserah. Batas waktu pengumpulan: minggu depan.

Dan ini untuk Absenya  Disini -

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Kriptografi

Kriptografi, secara umum adalah ilmu dan seni untuk menjaga kerahasiaan berita [bruce Schneier - Applied Cryptography]. Selain pengertian tersebut terdapat pula pengertian ilmu yang mempelajari teknik-teknik matematika yang berhubungan dengan aspek keamanan informasi seperti kerahasiaan data, keabsahan data, integritas data, serta autentikasi data [A. Menezes, P. van Oorschot and S. Vanstone - Handbook of Applied Cryptography]. Tidak semua aspek keamanan informasi ditangani oleh kriptografi.
Ada empat tujuan mendasar dari ilmu kriptografi ini yang juga merupakan aspek keamanan informasi yaitu :

• Kerahasiaan, adalah layanan yang digunakan untuk menjaga isi dari informasi dari siapapun kecuali yang memiliki otoritas atau kunci rahasia untuk membuka/mengupas informasi yang telah disandi.
• Integritas data, adalah berhubungan dengan penjagaan dari perubahan data secara tidak sah. Untuk menjaga integritas data, sistem harus memiliki kemampuan untuk mendeteksi manipulasi data oleh pihak-pihak yang tidak berhak, antara lain penyisipan, penghapusan, dan pensubsitusian data lain kedalam data yang sebenarnya.
• Autentikasi, adalah berhubungan dengan identifikasi/pengenalan, baik secara kesatuan sistem maupun informasi itu sendiri. Dua pihak yang saling berkomunikasi harus saling memperkenalkan diri. Informasi yang dikirimkan melalui kanal harus diautentikasi keaslian, isi datanya, waktu pengiriman, dan lain-lain.
• Non-repudiasi., atau nirpenyangkalan adalah usaha untuk mencegah terjadinya penyangkalan terhadap pengiriman/terciptanya suatu informasi oleh yang mengirimkan/membuat.

• Algoritma Sandi

  algoritma sandi adalah algoritma yang berfungsi untuk melakukan tujuan kriptografis. Algoritma tersebut harus memiliki kekuatan untuk melakukan (dikemukakan oleh Shannon):
  
• konfusi/pembingungan (confusion), dari teks terang sehingga sulit untuk direkonstruksikan secara langsung tanpa menggunakan algoritma dekripsinya
• difusi/peleburan (difusion), dari teks terang sehingga karakteristik dari teks terang tersebut hilang.

sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mengamankan informasi. Pada implementasinya sebuah algoritmas sandi harus memperhatikan kualitas layanan/Quality of Service atau QoS dari keseluruhan sistem dimana dia diimplementasikan. Algoritma sandi yang handal adalah algoritma sandi yang kekuatannya terletak pada kunci, bukan pada kerahasiaan algoritma itu sendiri. Teknik dan metode untuk menguji kehandalan algoritma sandi adalah kriptanalisa.
Dasar matematis yang mendasari proses enkripsi dan dekripsi adalah relasi antara dua himpunan yaitu yang berisi elemen teks terang /plaintext dan yang berisi elemen teks sandi/ciphertext. Enkripsi dan dekripsi merupakan fungsi transformasi antara himpunan-himpunan tersebut. Apabila elemen-elemen teks terang dinotasikan dengan P, elemen-elemen teks sandi dinotasikan dengan C, sedang untuk proses enkripsi dinotasikan dengan E, dekripsi dengan notasi D.
Enkripsi : E(P) = C
Dekripsi : D(C) = P atau D(E(P)) = P
Secara umum berdasarkan kesamaan kuncinya, algoritma sandi dibedakan menjadi :

• kunci-simetris/symetric-key, sering disebut juga algoritma sandi konvensional karena umumnya diterapkan pada algoritma sandi klasik
• kunci-asimetris/asymetric-key

Berdasarkan arah implementasi dan pembabakan jamannya dibedakan menjadi :

• algoritma sandi klasik classic cryptography
• algoritma sandi modern modern cryptography

Berdasarkan kerahasiaan kuncinya dibedakan menjadi :

• algoritma sandi kunci rahasia secret-key
• algoritma sandi kunci publik publik-key 

Pada skema kunci-simetris, digunakan sebuah kunci rahasia yang sama untuk melakukan proses enkripsi dan dekripsinya. Sedangkan pada sistem kunci-asimentris digunakan sepasang kunci yang berbeda, umumnya disebut kunci publik(public key) dan kunci pribadi (private key), digunakan untuk proses enkripsi dan proses dekripsinya. Bila elemen teks terang dienkripsi dengan menggunakan kunci pribadi maka elemen teks sandi yang dihasilkannya hanya bisa didekripsikan dengan menggunakan pasangan kunci pribadinya. Begitu juga sebaliknya, jika kunci pribadi digunakan untuk proses enkripsi maka proses dekripsi harus menggunakan kunci publik pasangannya.

[sunting] algoritma sandi kunci-simetris

Skema algoritma sandi akan disebut kunci-simetris apabila untuk setiap proses enkripsi maupun dekripsi data secara keseluruhan digunakan kunci yang sama. Skema ini berdasarkan jumlah data per proses dan alur pengolahan data didalamnya dibedakan menjadi dua kelas, yaitu block-cipher dan stream-cipher.

[sunting] Block-Cipher

Block-cipher adalah skema algoritma sandi yang akan membagi-bagi teks terang yang akan dikirimkan dengan ukuran tertentu (disebut blok) dengan panjang t, dan setiap blok dienkripsi dengan menggunakan kunci yang sama. Pada umumnya, block-cipher memproses teks terang dengan blok yang relatif panjang lebih dari 64 bit, untuk mempersulit penggunaan pola-pola serangan yang ada untuk membongkar kunci. Untuk menambah kehandalan model algoritma sandi ini, dikembangkan pula beberapa tipe proses enkripsi, yaitu :

• ECB, Electronic Code Book
• CBC, Cipher Block Chaining
• OFB, Output Feed Back
• CFB, Cipher Feed Back

[sunting] Stream-Cipher

Stream-cipher adalah algoritma sandi yang mengenkripsi data persatuan data, seperti bit, byte, nible atau per lima bit(saat data yang di enkripsi berupa data Boudout). Setiap mengenkripsi satu satuan data di gunakan kunci yang merupakan hasil pembangkitan dari kunci sebelum.

[sunting] Algoritma-algoritma sandi kunci-simetris

Beberapa contoh algoritma yang menggunakan kunci-simetris:

• DES - Data Encryption Standard
• blowfish
• twofish
• MARS
• IDEA
• 3DES - DES diaplikasikan 3 kali
• AES - Advanced Encryption Standard, yang bernama asli rijndael

[sunting] Algoritma Sandi Kunci-Asimetris

Skema ini adalah algoritma yang menggunakan kunci yang berbeda untuk proses enkripsi dan dekripsinya. Skema ini disebut juga sebagai sistem kriptografi kunci publik karena kunci untuk enkripsi dibuat untuk diketahui oleh umum (public-key) atau dapat diketahui siapa saja, tapi untuk proses dekripsinya hanya dapat dilakukan oleh yang berwenang yang memiliki kunci rahasia untuk mendekripsinya, disebut private-key. Dapat dianalogikan seperti kotak pos yang hanya dapat dibuka oleh tukang pos yang memiliki kunci tapi setiap orang dapat memasukkan surat ke dalam kotak tersebut. Keuntungan algoritma model ini, untuk berkorespondensi secara rahasia dengan banyak pihak tidak diperlukan kunci rahasia sebanyak jumlah pihak tersebut, cukup membuat dua buah kunci, yaitu kunci publik bagi para korensponden untuk mengenkripsi pesan, dan kunci privat untuk mendekripsi pesan. Berbeda dengan skema kunci-simetris, jumlah kunci yang dibuat adalah sebanyak jumlah pihak yang diajak berkorespondensi.

[sunting] Fungsi Enkripsi dan Dekripsi Algoritma Sandi Kunci-Asimetris

Apabila Ahmad dan Bejo hendak bertukar berkomunikasi, maka:

1. Ahmad dan Bejo masing-masing membuat 2 buah kunci
   1. Ahmad membuat dua buah kunci, kunci-publik dan kunci-privat
   2. Bejo membuat dua buah kunci, kunci-publik dan kunci-privat
2. Mereka berkomunikasi dengan cara:
   1. Ahmad dan Bejo saling bertukar kunci-publik. Bejo mendapatkan dari Ahmad, dan Ahmad mendapatkan dari Bejo.
   2. Ahmad mengenkripsi teks-terang ke Bejo dengan fungsi
   3. Ahmad mengirim teks-sandi ke Bejo
   4. Bejo menerima dari Ahmad dan membuka teks-terang dengan fungsi

Hal yang sama terjadi apabila Bejo hendak mengirimkan pesan ke Ahmad

1. Bejo mengenkripsi teks-terang ke Ahmad dengan fungsi
2. Ahmad menerima dari Bejo dan membuka teks-terang dengan fungsi

[sunting] Algoritma -Algoritma Sandi Kunci-Asimetris

• Knapsack
• RSA - Rivert-Shamir-Adelman
• Diffie-Hellman

[sunting] Fungsi Hash Kriptografis

Fungsi hash Kriptografis adalah fungsi hash yang memiliki beberapa sifat keamanan tambahan sehingga dapat dipakai untuk tujuan keamanan data. Umumnya digunakan untuk keperluan autentikasi dan integritas data. Fungsi hash adalah fungsi yang secara efisien mengubah string input dengan panjang berhingga menjadi string output dengan panjang tetap yang disebut nilai hash.

[sunting] Sifat-Sifat Fungsi Hash Kriptografi

• Tahan preimej (Preimage resistant): bila diketahui nilai hash h maka sulit (secara komputasi tidak layak) untuk mendapatkan m dimana h = hash(m).
• Tahan preimej kedua (Second preimage resistant): bila diketahui input m₁ maka sulit mencari input m₂ (tidak sama dengan m₁) yang menyebabkan hash(m₁) = hash(m₂).
• Tahan tumbukan (Collision-resistant): sulit mencari dua input berbeda m₁ dan m₂ yang menyebabkan hash(m₁) = hash(m₂)

[sunting] Algoritma-Algoritma Fungsi Hash Kriptografi

Beberapa contoh algoritma fungsi hash Kriptografi:

• MD4
• MD5
• SHA-0
• SHA-1
• SHA-256
• SHA-512

Sumber : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriptografi

Ada beberapa komponen kriptografi:
1 Deskripsi (Dari Chipertext menjadi Plaintext)
2 Enkripsi   (Dari Plaintext menjadi Chipertext)
3 Chipertext (pesan yang sudah di enkripsi)
4 Key         (Private & Publik)
5 Cripto Analyssyst (proses dari 1-7)
6 Massage (Pesan Rahasia + Kunci)
7 Plaintext (Pesan Asli)


 Ada beberapa cara dalam melakukan enkripsi diantaranya:
1.Misalnya Plaintext : Ini Adik Budi

Tadinya Ini budi disusun Menurun sesuai matrik 4x4
untuk Chiper nya Disusun kesamping IDUXNIDXIKIXABXX

ini beberapa File Dari Renaldi Munir yang mungkin bisa dijadikan referensi Download disini
Untuk program x tunggu beberapa hari lagi ya 

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RULE KRI/KRCI 2012

Game Rule Abu Robocon 2012

Written by Iccank Devilz. Posted in News

Abu Robocon atau KRI (kontes robot indonesia) merupakan kontes robot yang bergengsi yang melibatkan seluruh universitas di Asia tenggara untuk berkompetisi di negara-negara yang menjadi tuan rumah tiap tahunnya. Hongkong yang mendapat kesempatan menjadi tuan rumah tahun depan dengan Tema "climb the Bun Tower" setelah Thailand tahun ini sebagai tuan rumah sekaligus menjadi juara Abu Robocon 2011 kemarin.
Tema ini diangkat dari sebuah festival di pulau kecil di hongkong bernama Cheung Chau, dimana festival ini sudah berlangsung selama seratus tahun untuk mengenang korban wabah yang sempat menghancurkan Cheung Chau pada waktu itu sekaligus berterimakasih untuk kemakmuran dan kedamaian yang diberikan. Dalam Tema kali ini Robot akan menyeberangi Jembatan dan Terowongan, melintasi Pulau serta memanjat Menara Bun, dan bagi yang berhasil merebut Buns akan mencapai "Peng On Dai Gat" yang berarti
 kemakmuran dan kedamaian.









Lihat Selengkapnya di sini
http://www.aburobocon2012.hk/
Ini untuk Link Fb nya Gan
http://id-id.facebook.com/pages/KRI-KRCI-KRSI-2012/177712435616270

Download Rule disini

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Komputer vision

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Komputer Vision

Klik Disini Untuk Tugas X 
http://sites.google.com/site/rudycahyadihp/

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info KRI/KRCI & KRSI 2012

suarasurabaya.net | Berbeda dengan yang sudah-sudah, tahun ini perhelatan Kontes Robot Indonesia-Kontes Robot Cerdas Indonesia (KRI-KRCI) akan dimeriahkan kategori baru, yakni Battle Robosoccer Humanoid. Pada kategori ini, robot-robot beranatomi seperti manusia akan tampil bersaing dalam liga sepakbola.

Dalam KRI-KRCI 2011 Regional IV yang akan bertanding selama 2 hari mulai Sabtu (07/05) mendatang, ada 8 tim Robosoccer Humanoid yang bakal tampil. Mereka berasal dari ITS, Politeknik Banyuwangi, Politeknik elektrionika Negeri Surabaya (PENS), Universitas Brawijaya, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Universitas Surabaya, dan UK Widya Mandala Surabaya.

Dr. Ir. ENDRA PITOWARNO, M.Eng Wakil Ketua Panitia KRI-KRCI Regional IV pada suarasurabaya.net mengatakan kategori ini diadakan bukan untuk dilombakan pada ABU Robocon 2011 yang akan digelar di Bangkok, Thailand akhir tahun ini seperti kategori lainnya. ”Ada target lain. Panitia KRI-KRCI Nasional 2011 ingin mengikutsertakan robot-robot humanoid ini pada Robocup 2012 di Meksiko.

Kompetisi itu mempertandingkan sepakbola robot otomatis. Melibatkan 2 robot untuk masing-masing tim dengan target membuat gol ke masing-masing gawang lawannya.

”Pada kompetisi KRI-KRCI ini, baik pada level nasional maupun regional, kita modifikasi sesuai kondisi robot yang dimiliki tiap peserta. Masing-masing tim hanya 1 robot berusaha memasukkan 5 bola ke gawang lawannya,” kata ENDRA.

Pada KRI-KRCI Nasional nanti akan dipilih 2 peserta terbaik untuk mewakili Indonesia dalam Robocup 2012 di Meksiko.

”Kategori ini menarik karena secara anatomis, pergerakan ini mirip manusia. Saat jatuh, dia bisa berdiri sendiri secara otomatis dengan pergerakan mirip manusia, begitu juga tendangan dan larinya hampir mirip manusia, meskipun pergerakannya belum secepat manusia,” kata dia.

Karena masih baru secara teknologi, kata ENDRA, tidak semua tim menggunakan robot yang dibuat sendiri. Seperti pada KRI-KRCI regional V di Palu pada 30 April hingga 1 Mei 2011 lalu, kata ENDRA, melibatkan robot-robot ’naturalisasi’

”Artinya, robot itu dibeli dari luar negeri, tapi diprogram lagi oleh mahasiswa-mahasiswa peserta regional V,” kata ENDRA.

Pertandingan robot bersepakbola ini, kata ENDRA, akan menjadi tontonan menarik pada KRI-KRCI Regional IV di Gedung Robotika ITS, 7-8 Mei 2011 mendatang.(edy)
Sumber: suarasurabaya.net
[Telah dibaca sebanyak: 957 kali]

Download: Robot-robot-Humanoid-Tanding-Sepakbola-di-KRI-KRCI-Regional-IV.pdf

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info KRI/KRCI & KRSI 2011

Download Rule KRI, KRCI, KRSI dan KOMURINDO 2011

KRI (Kontes Robot Indonesia ) 2011
Kontes Robot Indonesia (KRI)2011 Sepenuhnya mengadopsi rule ABU Robocon 2011 yang di adakan di Bangkok, yaitu untuk kontes Internasional Asia-Pasific.
dengan Tema: "Loy Kratong Lighting Happiness with friendship "
Download Rule disini
Download Video Rule Animation disini
Website Abu Robocon 2011-Bangkok disini


KRCI (Kontes Robot Cerdas Indonesia) Battle
Untuk th 2011 divisi ini mengadopsi rule pada RoboCup 2010/2011:
dengan tema: "RoboSoccer Humanoid league"
Download rule disini
Website :
http://www.robocup.org
http://www.robocup2011.org/en/

KOMURINDO (Kontes Muatan Roket Indonesia) dulu Korindo/Kontes Roket Indonesia
dengan tema: "Attitude Monitoring and Surveillance Payload"
Download rule disini


KRSI (Kontes Robot Seni Indonesia)
dengan tema: "Robot Penari Klono Topeng "
Download Rule disini


KRCI (Kontes Robot Cerdas Indonesia) Beroda dan Berkaki2
dengan tema "Robot Pemadam Api"
Sementara untuk divisi KRCI, beroda dan berkaki rulenya sama seperti tahun lalu. hanya saja pada tahun 2011 pertandingannya di battle kan...jadi dua robot berlomba cepat memadamkan api dan kembali ke home masing-masing robot, dalam lapangan yang terpisah tetapi dengan mode yang sama. dan pada tahun ini juga tidak ada pemilihan mode oleh peserta. pemilihan mode dilakukan acak oleh komputer dewan juri. kemudian di bawah lapangan KRCI berkaki dan beroda dipasang roda, jadi posisi lapangan bisa sewaktu-waktu bisa dirubah oleh panitia..


Pengiriman Proposal paling lambat tanggal 31 Desember jam 16:00


Sementara jadwal sosialisasi rule di masing-masing tingkat regional adalah sebagai berikut:

Reg.1: Batam               Politeknik Batam        29-30 Okt
Reg.2: Jakarta              UI Depok                  5-6 Nov
Reg.3: Semarang          UNDIP                     12-13 Nov
Reg:4: Surabaya           PENS                       19-20 Nov
Reg.5: Palu                  Untad                        26-27 Nov

Dan untuk pelaksanaan Pertandingan Regional sendiri mengalami perubahan, untuk tahun 2011 dimulai dari Regional 5, 4, 3, 2 dan 1

Catatan : Rule sewaktu-waktu dapat berubah sesuai dengan keputusan panitia.. .

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Canon Papercaraft

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LIGHTWEIGHT 155 mm HOWITZER

LIGHTWEIGHT 155 mm HOWITZER

By Glenn W. Goodman, Jr.

U.S. Marines from Artillery Battery, Lima Company, Battalion Landing Team 2, fire a round from an M777 155 mm Lightweight Towed Howitzer during a training mission as part of sustainment training at Camp Buehring, Kuwait, Jan. 7, 2009. The 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit is deployed to the U.S. Central Command area of operation.

The Lightweight 155 mm Howitzer (LW155) is a highly successful joint U.S. Army/Marine Corps acquisition program that entered full-rate production in 2005. The prime contractor for the LW155, which is designated the M777, is the U.K.’s BAE Systems. It has delivered more than 600 of the towed howitzers to the Army and Marine Corps. The M777 will become the Corps’ sole howitzer.

The proven combat performance in Iraq and Afghanistan of the M777, or “Triple 7,” has earned it the reputation of being the most effective towed howitzer of its kind.
The goal of the LW155 program was to develop a more capable replacement for the aging and heavy M198 155 mm towed howitzer in both the Marine Corps and Army, one that weighed less than 10,000 pounds. That goal was achieved.
The weight of the M777 is 9,700 pounds, compared with more than 16,000 pounds for the M198. This was made possible by the use of titanium and aluminum alloys in all of its major structures except its steel gun tube, as well as hydraulic systems to operate several components.
This weight reduction translates into greater strategic deployability – two M777s can fit into a C-130 transport, compared with one M198 – and greater tactical mobility. Unlike the M198, the M777 is light enough that it can be airlifted by all Marine Corps medium- and heavy-lift helicopters (CH-53Es, CH- 46Es, and CH-53Ds) as well as new MV-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft, providing commanders with significant operational flexibility.
Christopher Hatch, the LW155 deputy program manager, noted, “An extremely valuable feature of the M777 has been its ability to be moved rapidly by rotary-wing aircraft to different locations that are inaccessible to ground transportation. It’s uniquely suited for Afghanistan, where it’s been light enough to be lifted into high-altitude forward operating base locations. We can’t lift an M198 into those places.”
The M777 features greater survivability than the M198 by virtue of its shorter emplacement and displacement times – both under three minutes compared with 10-12 minutes for the M198 – providing it the ability to “shoot and scoot.”
The LW155 fires standard unguided projectiles to a range of 15 miles and rocket-assisted projectiles to 19 miles. Its rate of fire is four rounds per minute maximum and two rounds per minute sustained.
The latest M777A2 version of the howitzer added a software upgrade and a Digital Fire Control System (DFCS) from BAE Systems that allows the gun to program and fire a longer-range and more accurate round – the M982 Excalibur Guided Projectile. The Excalibur munition, developed by Raytheon and BAE Systems, can reach ranges in excess of 25 miles while always landing within 10 meters of its target.

Marines from Kilo Battery, 3rd Battalion, 11th Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Division, send a round down range with their M777 155 mm howitzer during artillery relocation training in the Yausubetsu Maneuver Area, Hokkaido, Japan.
The M777A1 Howitzer lights up the gun line as Bravo Battery 1/11 conducts a fire mission. Bravo Battery was then the only unit utilizing the M777 in combat, and also the first unit to do such.

This gives the Marine Corps’ and the Army’s towed artillery the ability to deliver precision fires, allowing them, according to BAE Systems, “to targeta specific room within a building, reducing the chance of innocent casualties and allowing supporting fire to be brought down much closer to friendly troops.” U.S. forces have used the Excalibur projectile effectively in Iraq.
The M777A2’s onboard DFCS is used to accurately locate and aim the gun. With the majority of its components mounted on and underneath the gun’s main cradle section, the DFCS includes a GPS receiver; an inertial navigation unit; a vehicle motion sensor; a mission computer; a battery power supply; secure voice and data radios for communicating with and passing data to and from the fire direction center; and separate displays for the gunner, assistant gunner, and chief of section.
The hand-held Chief of Section Display is connected to the DFCS by a cable and shows the details of a fire mission transmitted from the fire direction center – the firing azimuth, elevation, and propellant charge – on its screen.
Hatch noted that the DFCS has made the LW155 guns more autonomous. “We’re finding that, at many of the forward operating bases in Afghanistan, only two guns are being deployed instead of an entire battery of six. Commanders are actually getting greater coverage by dispersing the guns more geographically,” he said.
The M777 achieved an initial operational capability in December 2005. All USMC guns are now M777A2s and Excalibur-capable. The Marine Corps has fully fielded the LW155 to its 10th, 11th, 12th, and 14th Marine Regiments and to its schoolhouses. Additional guns are outfitting the Maritime Prepositioning Ships and war reserve stocks.
The Marine Corps’ Approved Acquisition Objective is 511 M777A2s (its original plan was to buy 356). The service had ordered 489 as of this past July, with 372 delivered. The Corps is slated to receive its final deliveries in November 2012. The prime mover towing the Marine Corps’ M777A2s is the 7-ton Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement (MTVR) truck.
The M777A2 is exceeding its reliability requirement of 800 mean rounds fired between system aborts – achieving 880, Hatch said. Ironically, the biggest reliability issue to date, he noted, has been the wear and tear incurred by the cables that run to the gun, such as from the Chief of Section Display, and are out in the open.
An under way LW155 software upgrade effort aims to allow all of the ballistic computations to be done on the howitzer itself rather than relying on a fire direction center to transmit firing data to the gun. A forward observer would call in a grid location that would come directly to the gun instead of to the fire direction center, reducing the time to fire.
Another M777A2 upgrade in the works designed to reduce logistics costs involves removing the DFCS mission computer from the gun and embedding its functionality into the Chief of Section Display.
Canada acquired 12 M777s for its forces deploying to Afghanistan in February 2006 through U.S. Foreign Military Sales (FMS). It has ordered 25 more. Australia is buying M777s through FMS. The first of 35 weapons was delivered in August 2010. The U.S. government also has been discussing with India an FMS sale of M777s.
The M777 program is managed by the Army/Marine Corps Lightweight 155 mm Joint Program Office at Picatinny Arsenal, N.J. BAE System’s facility at Hattiesburg, Miss., is responsible for final integration and test of the weapon system. The manufacture and assembly of the complex titanium structures and associated recoil components are carried out at Barrow-in- Furness in the U.K.

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LOGISTICS VEHICLE SYSTEM REPLACEMENT

LOGISTICS VEHICLE SYSTEM REPLACEMENT

By Glenn W. Goodman, Jr.

The Logistics Vehicle System Replacement (LVSR) is a new Marine Corps heavy payload truck. The 10-wheel tactical vehicle offers greater mobility and off-road payload capability that the existing Logistics Vehicle System (LVS), which the Corps initially fielded in the mid-1980s. The LVSR also offers reduced life-cycle costs.

The Logistics Vehicle System Replacement looks similar to its predecessor, but the new logistics vehicle’s capabilities include a whole new suspension and 50 percent better fuel economy. The truck can travel up to 300 miles on a tank of gas and has a load capacity of 45,000 pounds when traveling improved roadways.

Both vehicles can carry 22.5 tons on the highway, but the more powerful LVSR can transport 16.5 tons off road, compared with 12.5 tons for the LVS. The LVSR can travel up to 65 miles per hour on paved surfaces and has a cruising range of 300 miles. It can ford 5 feet of water.
Built by Oshkosh Corporation, the new tactical-distribution heavy hauler carries fuel, water, ammunition, standardized containers, palletized cargo, and heavy equipment.
The earlier-vintage LVS, also built by Oshkosh, is a two-piece truck-trailer, with a four-wheel-drive front power unit and five categories of trailer rear-body units. In contrast, the all-wheel-drive LVSR has a straight body design in three different variants – cargo, wrecker, and tractor. The wrecker performs heavy wrecker/recovery missions. The tractor variant will tow heavy engineer equipment and combat vehicles with the 40-ton Medium-Heavy Equipment Trailer.
“The LVSR will help address one of the biggest challenges we face in Afghanistan – getting supplies, fuel, water, and heavy equipment into areas where our Marines have to go,” said Marine Corps’ Program Executive Officer for Land Systems Bill Taylor. “This vehicle is disproportionately mobile compared to its size,” he added.

The LVSR is redefining logistics performance and exists in three variants: cargo, wrecker and fifth wheel.

The LVSR, with a two-person cab, uses Oshkosh’s TAK-4 independent suspension system for improved mobility and off-road maneuverability. The suspension system allows each wheel to move up and down separately in response to uneven surfaces, reducing the stress on the axle and keeping the vehicle more level on rough terrain. The LVSR appears to move like a giant caterpillar.
Thanks to Oshkosh’s mechanical rear-steer technology, in which the rear wheels actually steer separately, the LVSR makes a complete 360-degree turn in only about 84 feet. This tight turning radius facilitates vehicle storage aboard ship.
The LVSR has a 600-horsepower Caterpillar diesel engine and an Allison 7-speed automatic transmission.
The vehicle is 35.5 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 12 feet high. It has a “cabover” design, in which the cab hangs out over the front wheels fairly low to the ground.
The vehicle features factory-installed, integral underbody armor for cab floor mine-blast protection. To counter improvised explosive devices (IEDs), the Marine Corps has fitted the LVSR’s cab with a removable, add-on armor package developed by Israel’s Plasan Sasa. The vehicle was designed with the extra weight added by armor in mind.
Fielding of the LVSR cargo variant began in early summer 2009; the vehicle achieved an initial operational capability in September of that year. The program received approval for full-rate production for the cargo variant in December 2009. Tom Miller, the MTVR/LVSR program manager within the Program Executive Office for Land Systems, said the LVSR program is ahead of schedule and under budget.
As of July, about 700 LVSRs had been delivered to the Marine Corps, Miller said, and fewer than 100 were in Afghanistan and Iraq. After delivery, the vehicles are fitted with additional government-furnished warfighting equipment before being shipped overseas.
The LVSR wrecker and tractor variants began initial operational test and evaluation in September 2010. A full-rate production decision for both vehicles is scheduled in April 2011, Miller said, and fielding of them will begin in the summer of 2011.
The wrecker variant is able to easily recover heavy Mine-Resistant Ambush- Protected (MRAP) vehicles, which have given the 7-ton Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement (MTVR) wrecker some difficulty, he noted. The Marine Corps’ LVSR Approved Acquisition Objective (AAO) is 1,699, including 1,322 cargo variants, 105 wreckers, and 272 tractors, and the service has requested funding for the final 468 vehicles in fiscal year 2011. Miller said that a fiscal year 2012 budget initiative includes funding to increase the LVSR’s AAO to 2,246.
Miller said the Marine Corps began deploying the first four LVSR Cargo vehicles to Afghanistan in September 2009 in support of urgent fielding of the Mobile Trauma Bay. The latter is a fully enclosed and armored surgical unit with three operating stations in modular pieces that are mounted on the back of an LVSR. The Mobile Trauma Bay allows a five-person shock trauma platoon to treat severely wounded Marines earlier at forward casualty- collection points instead of making them wait for a medevac helicopter or ground vehicle.
The LVSR’s in-cab vehicle electronic diagnostics system lets the driver monitor the engine, transmission, brakes, central tire inflation system, and other critical components. The vehicle’s simplified maintenance features a single-source lubrication system, which houses the engine oil, transfer case, hydraulics, and transmission in the same reservoir.
The LVSR will be employed throughout the Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) in the Marine Logistics Group, Marine Division, and Marine Aircraft Wing. Deployment of new LVSRs will reduce the cargo hauling burden of the Marine Corps’ MTVR convoys, Miller said.
The LVSR and the MTVR, also built by Oshkosh, form a formidable logistical tandem. (see separate MTVR article) They also share common parts and similar maintenance, which streamline service and support while reducing downtime.

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MPC(Marine Personnel Carrier

MARINE PERSONNEL CARRIER

By Glenn W. Goodman, Jr.

The Marine Corps has established a requirement for a new Marine Personnel Carrier (MPC), an advanced generation eight-wheeled armored personnel carrier that would provide general support lift to marine infantry in the ground combat element based maneuver task force. The MPC requirement is shaped to provide a balance of performance, protection and payload in order to set the conditions for fielding a combat vehicle that will be effective across the range of military operations.

An MPC company lifts an infantry battalion in conjunction with the infantry’s organic wheeled assets. Like the planned Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV), MPCs will be assigned to the Assault Amphibian Battalions of the Marine Division currently outfitted with Amphibious Assault Vehicles (AAVs). The reconstituted Assault Amphibian battalion would tentatively consist of one MPC company (nominally 88 vehicles) and three EFV companies (about 45 vehicles each).
The MPC family of vehicles will consist of a base vehicle and two supporting mission role variants. The MPC-Personnel will be the base vehicle, two of which carry and support a reinforced rifle squad of 17 Marines (one EFV would do the same). Each vehicle would carry 9-10 combat-equipped Marines and a two-man crew. This meets the need to transport more Marine infantrymen than the existing Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) or Humvee platforms while providing greater protection. The eight-wheeled LAV is not employed as an armored personnel carrier and usually carries a four-person Marine scout/reconnaissance team in addition to its crew. The MPC-Command will be equipped to serve as a mobile command-echelon/ fire-support coordination center for the infantry battalion headquarters. The MPC-Recovery will be the maintenance and recovery variant of the MPC.
The MPC supports expeditionary maneuver by enhancing the Marine Air Ground Task Force’s (MAGTF) tactical and operational protected mobility. Conceptually, the MPC will complement the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) and will be delivered to the fight as part of the reinforcing echelon of the MAGTF during forcible entry operations and in of support sustained operations ashore. The MPC will enable the GCE to maintain lift capacity requirements and provides an additional balanced platform that will be capable across the range of military operations.
The Marine Corps leadership deferred a Milestone A go-ahead for the MPC program in May 2008, saying the delay would allow it “to effectively prioritize near-term investment decisions, in order to provide a synchronized mobility strategy with respect to the capabilities the MPC, the EFV, and the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) offer in the future.” (See the separate EFV and JLTV chapters of this publication.) MPCs would be supported by JLTVs carrying heavy weapons, communications equipment, and cargo.
The MPC will be designed to cross rivers and inland bodies of water in a Marine Air-Ground Task Force’s littoral operational area. The MPC likely would have a remotely operated weapon station turret fitted with a .50 caliber machine gun, a 7.62 mm machine gun, or an automated Mk. 19 grenade launcher with a thermal sight. The MPC crew could provide direct fire in support of dismounted Marine infantrymen.
The program has built an MPC Technology Demonstrator test bed vehicle at the Nevada Automotive Test Center, Carson City, Nev., which is being used to evaluate all required performance attributes, including mobility (powerpack, drive train, and suspension system), survivability, electrical power generation and distribution, vehicle health monitoring, and the communication system.
A Capabilities Development Document (CDD) for the program is in development. The MPC test bed vehicle effort will inform the CDD with respect to achievable operational performance requirements and inform the program office of potential integration risks.
The MPC may be a pilot program for cooperation between the Marine Corps and the Army’s Tank Automotive Research and Development Engineering Center in Warren, Mich., as part of the program’s risk-reduction efforts before it becomes a formal acquisition program.
The Marine Corps’ 2010 Posture Report, released last spring, stated, “We are planning, programming, and budgeting toward a balanced fleet of vehicles. Our chief considerations are mobility, survivability, payload, transportability, and sustainability. Our goal is a portfolio of vehicles that is able to support amphibious operations, irregular warfare, and operations ashore across the range of military operations. We envision a blend of Expeditionary Fighting Vehicles, Marine Personnel Carriers, Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected [MRAP] vehicles and replacements for our Humvees.”

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JLTV

JOINT LIGHT TACTICAL VEHICLE

By Glenn W. Goodman, Jr.

The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) is a major Army-Marine Corps acquisition program for a new-generation wheeled vehicle that would replace a portion of the services’ High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) fleet. The program’s aim is to develop a new multi-mission light vehicle family with superior crew protection and performance compared to the HMMWVs. The JLTV family will balance critical weight and transportability constraints within performance, protection, and payload requirements.

The JLTV program is aligned with a joint program office under the management of the U.S. Army’s Project Manager Joint Combat Support Systems, which falls under the leadership of the Program Executive Office Combat Support and Combat Service Support. In October 2008, the Army awarded three industry teams – BAE Systems, General Tactical Vehicles (General Dynamics- AM General), and Lockheed Martin – Technology Development (TD) contracts to design and fabricate competitive prototypes for testing and evaluation.
The three industry teams began delivering their prototypes in June 2010 for government testing at the Aberdeen Test Center, Md., and the Yuma Test Center, Ariz. The prototypes are undergoing ballistic protection, system performance, and reliability and maintainability tests to gauge technical potential against JLTV requirements, with an emphasis on system weight.
In July 2010, industry teams delivered “right hand operation” vehicles which will be tested with our Australian partners. BAE Systems and GTV right hand operation vehicles have arrived in Australia and will undergo additional RAM (reliability and maintainability) and ballistic testing, culminating with user evaluations in early 2011. Lockheed Martin’s vehicles will arrive in Australia for the user evaluations.
International participation in the JLTV program will reduce overall program risk through the testing and evaluation of additional prototype vehicles. As our military prepares for future coalition operations, similarity of tactical vehicle solutions across allies will enhance global interoperability and reduce the maintenance and logistical burden. The U.S. and Australian governments continue ongoing discussions regarding Australia’s potential participation in the EMD phase.
One of the outcomes of the TD phase will be a firm set of refined and achievable JLTV operational performance requirements – a Capabilities Development Document – to take into the EMD phase.
Following the completion of the TD phase, the Army and Marine Corps plan to hold a full and open completion with the selection of two industry teams for the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase. The two services were finalizing their acquisition strategy for the EMD phase as of late August 2010.

Crew Protection Imperative

The advent in Iraq and Afghanistan of remotely-controlled improvised explosive devices (IEDs) has taken its toll on the U.S. military’s unarmored flat-bottom HMMWVs, which were never designed to withstand IED or mine blasts. Up-armoring of HMMWVs through the addition of armor plates provided increased protection, but the increased weight reduced the vehicle’s payload capacity, maneuverability, off-road mobility, and air transportability. With the JLTV, the Army and Marine Corps hope to regain the performance once offered by the HMMWV while adding inherent crew protection against IED-like threats.
Some of the JLTV industry TD designs feature a V-shaped hull similar to the MRAP vehicles, as well as a semi-active independent suspension system with a variable ride height which allows the underside of the hull to be raised, to facilitate IED blast deflection. (High ground clearance also is essential for off-road mobility.)
The JLTV will feature A-kit and B-kit scalable armor. The vehicle’s inherent A-kit protection levels, sufficient for non-combat humanitarian operations, will be supplemented by the addition of bolt-on B-kit armor for enhanced protection on combat missions. All three industry teams are using modular B-kit armor panels made of advanced lightweight composite materials instead of metal to keep weight down while providing ballistic, mine, and IED protection.

Vehicle Configurations

The JLTV family is currently slated to include up to 10 different mission configurations in three categories (A, B, and C) – payload of 3,500 pounds, 4,000-4,500 pounds, and 5,100 pounds, respectively – and a companion trailer for each category. The final mission configurations and categories are being assessed.
The three industry TD teams each delivered seven vehicle prototypes in all of the payload configurations – two Category A vehicles, four Category B (two Army and one USMC infantry carrier and a Marine C2OTM variant), and one Category C vehicle (shelter carrier) – and three companion trailers. In October 2010, the teams will each deliver a single Enhanced Protection Category A vehicle with B-kit armor.
Each JLTV variant must be light enough, with integrated B-kit armor, to be transported as an external sling load underneath an Army CH-47 or Marine Corps CH-53 helicopter. In addition, two Category A vehicles, or a single Category B or C vehicle, must fit inside a C-130 transport.
High commonality among the JLTV variants through modular designs is a key objective. The Army and Marine Corps want to minimize the life-cycle ownership costs of their JLTV variants by maximizing commonality of components, spare and repair parts, tools, maintenance procedures and training.
Also lowering life-cycle costs will be the JLTV family’s higher reliability and maintainability, as well as more fuel-efficient engines.
The Army and Marine Corps have minimized their unique requirements. In cases where one service has a more stringent requirement, the JLTV program has adopted it as the threshold requirement. A good example is the Category A general-purpose vehicle. It is being designed so that its size and weight meet both services’ transportability requirements while maintaining a height that also meets Marine Corps-specific shipboard stowage constraints.
The JLTV will feature an open electronics architecture that will facilitate integration of future sensor, communications, and navigation systems as they become available. As a result, the JLTV’s crew will have significantly improved battlefield situational awareness compared with vehicles today.
The Army currently plans to procure 60,000 JLTVs and the Marine Corps 5,500; those numbers are subject to change as each service refines its tactical wheeled vehicle strategy.

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